The
Internet is a global system of interconnected
computer networks that use the standard
Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a
network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by a broad array of electronic and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast array of
information resources and services, most notably the inter-linked
hypertext documents of the
World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support
electronic mail.
Most traditional communications media, such as telephone and television services, are reshaped or redefined using the technologies of the Internet, giving rise to services such as
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and
IPTV. Newspaper publishing has been reshaped into
Web sites,
blogging, and
web feeds. The Internet has enabled or accelerated the creation of new forms of human interactions through
instant messaging,
Internet forums, and
social networking sites.
The origins of the Internet reach back to the 1960s when the United States funded research projects of its military agencies to build robust, fault-tolerant and distributed computer networks. This research and a period of civilian funding of a new U.S.
backbone by the
National Science Foundation spawned worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies and led to the
commercialization of an international network in the mid 1990s, and resulted in the following popularization of countless applications in virtually every aspect of modern human life. As of 2009, an estimated quarter of Earth's population uses the services of the Internet.
The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage; each constituent network sets its own standards. Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal
name spaces in the Internet, the
Internet Protocol address space and the
Domain Name System, are directed by a maintainer organization, the
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols (
IPv4 and
IPv6) is an activity of the
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), a non-profit organization of loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise.
See also:
Internet capitalization conventions
The term
the Internet, when referring to
the Internet, has traditionally been treated as a
proper noun and written with an initial
capital letter. There is a trend to regard it as a generic term or common noun and thus write it as "the internet", without the capital. The word Internet can be shortened to Net. The term
cloud is also for the Internet, especially in the contexts of
cloud computing and
software as a service.
Internet vs. Web
The terms
Internet and
World Wide Web are often used in everyday speech without much distinction. However, the Internet and the
World Wide Web are not one and the same. The Internet is a global data communications system. It is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides connectivity between
computers. In contrast, the Web is one of the services communicated via the Internet. It is a collection of interconnected documents and other
resources, linked by
hyperlinks and
URLs.
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