Though Tehran has proven incapable of extinguishing the Green movement, today’s events demonstrated once again that the Iranian security apparatus can keep a lid on the opposition.
Tehran had ample time to prepare for the Feb. 11 demonstrations. It used a blend of hard- and soft-power tactics to limit the number of protesters. After expediting the executions of two anti-government activists earlier the week of Feb. 7, the government released senior aides of opposition leaders Mir Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi from detention. Many people debating whether to participate in the demonstrations or to allow their children to take to the streets Feb. 11 apparently took the threat of arrest and execution seriously. Conversely, pro-government protesters received incentives to protest and reportedly were instructed to bring at least two to three demonstrators with them in a bid to overwhelm the Green movement demonstrations.
By lowering the number of opposition protesters, emasculating Iran’s opposition leaders and flooding the main protest areas with pro-government demonstrators, Iranian police and Basij forces generally succeeded in reducing the Green movement to a manageable level. Information control measures, including the blocking of Gmail and the creation of a new (and heavily monitored) national e-mail service, also will facilitate Tehran’s ability to monitor the opposition.