I use pencil, paper and Geany for most of my stuff. Sometimes I fire up the terminal to debug stuff. I described my workflow in this post here:
http://www.wickedfire.com/2223553-post34.html
I use Mint right now, Crunchbang is another good distro. Ubuntu is just loaded with too much crap, and unity fucking sucks.
Geany is fucking killer though, you should give it a try.
I had a similar experience with Linux at first, but it was in Uni and I was working with people who had already climbed the learning curve so I kept at it. I really don't utilize it as well as I could. People who get really good at emacs are almost unbelievably productive, Vim as well. Not just for programming either, they allow you to do really complex manipulations of really huge amounts of data FUCKING fast. I have seen people do shit that would have taken me a week in excel in a matter of hours right in front of me with emacs.
A lot of it comes down to getting all the shortcuts you want to use set up and in your head and just touch typing everything you want to do without having to use the mouse. It is kind of strange that an improvement in technology would really make you slower, but the mouse is a waste of time and a big pro for linux is the fact that you can get EVERYTHING done without touching it. You can just do so many things with the keyboard with a shortcut that would take you like 5 or 10 clicks using a mouse. You can cut out like 30+ seconds of fucking clicking by pushing 2 or 3 buttons at the same time or whatever...
I don't really do any graphical stuff more advanced than drawing dicks in paint, but I have heard gimp is just as good from a few people...