WHAT IF - all of these questions were already answered by someone decades ago?
I introduce to you Carroll Quigley :
Carroll Quigley (November 9, 1910 – January 3, 1977) was an American
historian and theorist of the
evolution of civilizations. He is noted for his teaching work as a professor at
Georgetown University, for his academic publications, and for his research on
secret societies.
One distinctive feature of Quigley’s
historical writings was his assertion that
secret societies have played a significant role in recent world history. His writing on this topic has made Quigley famous among many who investigate
conspiracy theories.
[2]:96, 98 Quigley’s views are particularly notable because the majority of reputable
academic historians profess skepticism about conspiracy theories.
[4]
[edit] Quigley’s claims about the Milner Group
In his book
The Anglo-American Establishment: From Rhodes to Cliveden, written in 1949 but published posthumously in 1981, Quigley purports to trace the history of a secret society founded in 1891 by
Cecil Rhodes and
Alfred Milner. The society consisted of an inner circle (
“The Society of the Elect”) and an outer circle (
“The Association of Helpers”).
[5]:ix, 3 The society as a whole does not have a fixed name:
This society has been known at various times as
Milner's Kindergarten, as
the Round Table Group, as the Rhodes crowd, as
The Times crowd, as the
All Souls group, and as
the Cliveden set. ... I have chosen to call it
the Milner group. Those persons who have used the other terms, or heard them used, have not generally been aware that all these various terms referred to the same Group. It is not easy for an outsider to write the history of a secret group of this kind, but, since no insider is going to do it, an outsider must attempt it. It should be done, for this Group is, as I shall show, one of the most important historical facts of the twentieth century.
[5]:ix
Quigley assigns this group primary or exclusive credit for several historical events: the
Jameson Raid, the
Second Boer War, the founding of the
Union of South Africa, the replacement of the
British Empire with the
Commonwealth of Nations, and a number of Britain’s foreign policy decisions in the twentieth century.
[5]:5
In 1966, Quigley published a one-volume history of the twentieth century entitled
Tragedy and Hope. At several points in this book, the history of the Milner group is discussed. Moreover, Quigley states that he has recently been in direct contact with this organization, whose nature he contrasts to right-wing claims of a communist conspiracy:
This
radical Right fairy tale, which is now an accepted folk myth in many groups in America, pictured the recent history of the
United States, in regard to domestic reform and in foreign affairs, as a well-organized plot by extreme
Left-wing elements.... This myth, like all fables, does in fact have a modicum of truth. There does exist, and has existed for a generation, an international
Anglophile network which operates, to some extent, in the way the Radical right believes the
Communists act. In fact, this network, which we may identify as the
Round Table Groups, has no aversion to cooperating with the Communists, or any other group, and frequently does so. I know of the operation of this network because I have studied it for twenty years and was permitted for two years, in the early 1960’s, to examine its papers and secret records. I have no aversion to it or to most of its aims and have, for much of my life, been close to it and to many of its instruments. I have objected, both in the past and recently, to a few of its policies... but in general my chief difference of opinion is that it wishes to remain unknown, and I believe its role in
history is significant enough to be known.
[6]:949-950