I'm not sure I really believe in the concept of rights at all. I agree that it's probably erroneous to believe that we have a right to those things you mentioned. But why do we have any rights? Why should I not have the right to take from you if I'm bigger or stronger? Or why should I not have the right piss on the lawn of city hall? I know the negative/positive right postulate, if you will, tidies up the argument. But isn't any conversation or argument on rights necessarily arbitrary, since rights are a function of what we believe to be right, moral, ethical, etc. ?
You should check out David Friedman. He covers the ideas I am about, without the supernatural notion of natural rights, but more from a utilitarian perspective, closer to your programmer's method of problem solving. You might find his stuff interesting. He recently did a Google Talk that is on YouTube.So my point is, talking in terms of rights is not something I'm comfortable with, as programming has taught me that usually the right way to solve a problem or to decide a course of action is not through adherence to any particular set of principles or philosophies, but simply thinking of it more in terms of a flow chart. From State1, Action1 will lead to State2, Action1a will lead to State2a, etc. Then decide which course will best meet our goals and live up to the expectations of our values.
He also makes the case that even from a utilitarian perspective, the market produces the best outcomes, because it has the most efficiency.
Obviously if one is predisposed to a natural rights perspective, then you can take Friedman's position on utility and roll it up into a comfortable ethical system. But as you said, and I will admit, that is not entirely necessary.